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1、一些有两个部分形成的术语则表示鞋子或辅助工具作宾语时,?宾语通常来说用众数方式：glasses,?clothes,?trousers,?shoes,?compasses,?chopsticks,?scissors等。2、假如宾语用a?kind?of?,?a?pair?of?,?a?series?of等加术语形成时,?宾语动词通常用众数方式。比如：A?pair?of?shoes?was?on?the?desk．3、同列宾语假如指的是同一个人、同一表达方式或同一概念时,?宾语动词用众数方式,?这时and后面的术语没有定冠词。比如:?Truth?and?honesty?is?the?best?policy．4、当宾语后面跟有as?well?as,?as?much?as?,?no?less?than,?along?with,?with,?like,?rather?than,?together?with,?but,?except,?besides,?including,?in?addition?to等引导的词组时,?其宾语动词的单、众数按宾语的单、众数TNUMBERA0512Ci。比如:?The?teacher?as?well?as?the?students?was?excited．5、A?(great)?number?of润色不可数众数术语,?宾语动词用众数;?a?great?deal?of,?a?large?amount?of?润色不不可数术语,?其词组作宾语时,?宾语动词用众数。6、关系动词who,?that,?which等在宾语主语Sitapur宾语时,?其宾语动词的数应与句中由亚姆词的数一致。比如:Those?who?want?to?go?please?sign?your?names?here．7、时节、月份、小时、节庆、假期、三餐、学科中文名称，跳绳、跳棋术语中文名称前通常不加定冠词。?1/2?one(a)?half?1/4?one(a)?quarter2
1、冠词+数目属格(复数在前，数词在后)+表型属格+大小、一般说来、多寡等形貌+旧有+颜色+THF1+材料2、这类以a-开头的属格比如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake,?alive?等根本无法作未来式,不能作宾语。3、这类以-ly开头的词是属格而不是形容词：friendly，lively，?lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly,?timely等。1)close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地2)free?完全免费地 freely自由地,无拘无束地3)hard努力地 hardly基本上不4)late?晚，迟 lately?近年5)most?极,十分 mostly主要地6)wide宽广地，充分地?widely广泛地7)high高 highly高度地，十分地8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象化意义的深9)loud高声地 loudly高声地(含有寂静的意思)10)near邻近地区 nearly基本上3
1、则表示另一方逊于另一方时，用less＋如有＋than的结构则表示：This?room?is?less?beautiful?than?that?one．2、则表示另一方超过另一方的某种程度或数目时，可在疑问句altar则表示某种程度的中心语，如：even，a?lot，a?bit，a?little，still，much，far,?yet,?by?far等润色，比如：He?works?even?harder?than?before．3、by?far?通常来说用作强调Sitapur。用作疑问句时,通常放到疑问句的后面,?如放到后面,应在两者中间加the。比如：He?is?taller?by?far?than?his?brother.4、这类以-or开头的属格进行较为时，用to替代than。superior，junior，senior等。比如：He?is?superior?to?Mr.?Wang?in?mathematics．5、在较为主语中为了避免多次重复通常来说用that(Those)，one(ones)替代后面出现的术语。that球盖，one既可外显，也可球盖。that可替代不可数术语众数和不不可数术语，而one根本无法替代不可数术语。比如：The?book?on?the?table?is?more?interesting?than?that?on?the?desk．6、则表示次方的疑问句有如下表所示三种字词:A?is?three?(four,?etc.)?times?the?size?(height,?length,?width,?etc)?of?B.?比如：The?new?building?is?four?times?the?size?(the?height)?of?the?old?one.?这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］A?is?three?(four,?etc.)?times?as?big?(high,?long,?wide,?etc.)?as?B.?比如：Asia?is?four?times?as?large?as?Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。A?is?three?(four,?etc.)?times?bigger?(higher,?longer,?wider)?than?B.?比如:Your?school?is?three?times?bigger?than?ours.?你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。则表示两倍可以用?twice?或?double。7、则表示最高某种程度的属格，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有Sitapur，也不能用疑问句。4
1、假如众数术语前有many、few，不不可数术语前有much、little等则表示量的属格时，该用so而不用such。如：I ve?had?so?many?falls?that?I m?black?and?blue?all?over.2、当little不则表示数目而则表示小的意思时,仍用such。如:They?are?such?little?children?that?the?they?cannot?clean?the?house?by?themselves.5
1、在very,?pretty,?not后用nearly,?不用almost。比如：?I m?not?nearly?ready.2、在any,?no,?none,?never前用almost,?不用nearly。比如：?I?almost?never?see?her.6
1、need?则表示需要或必须,作情态动词时,仅用作否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中通常用must,?have?to,?ought?to或should?替代。比如：Need?I?finish?the?work?today－－Yes,?you?must.注意：needn t?have?done则表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。比如：You?needn t?have?waited?for?me.2、should?have?done则表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。比如：You?should?have?started?earlier.你应该早点开始。3、ought?to?have?done则表示过去应做某事而实际未做。比如：You?ought?to?have?helped?him?(but?you?didn t)?。那时你应该帮他的（但是你没有）。4、书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用通常现在时。5、则表示感觉,愿望和状态的这类动词如have,?be,?hear,?see,?like等词通常不用进行时。7
有些动词方式上是主动结构,但则表示被动的意思。常见的有可和?well,?easily?等形容词连用的不宾语sell,?wash,?write,?read,?clean,?cook等。比如：The?cloth?washes?well.这布很经洗。8
1、在动词?arrange,?command,?demand,?desire,?insist,?order,?propose,?request,?require,?suggest等后面的宾语主语中用(should)＋?动词原形(虚拟语气)比如：We?suggested?that?we?(should)?have?a?meeting.2、作advice,?idea,?order,?demand,?plan,?proposal,?suggestion,?request等术语的未来式主语和同位语主语,其宾语动词要用虚拟语气的结构(should)＋动词原形。比如：We?all?agreed?to?his?suggestion?that?we(should)?go?to?Beijing?for?sightseeing.9
1、在feel,?hear,?notice,?observe,?see,?watch,?have,?let,?make等词后的补足语中,分词不带to。但是这些句子假如变成被动结构时,就必须带to。比如：He?is?often?heard?to?sing?the?song.2、分词动词在助动词but,?except,?besides后面时,假如这些助动词之前有行为动词do的各种方式,那么,这些助动词后的分词不带to,否则要带to.比如：-What?do?you?like?to?do?besides?swim?-I?have?no?choice?but?to?go.10
1、There?/?It?is?no?use/?good/?not?any?use/?good/?useless?doing?sth.比如：He?is?looking?for?a?room?to?live?in.2、动词后可以用动术语作宾语,但不能用分词:admit,?appreciate,?avoid,?consider,?delay,?enjoy,?escape,?excuse,?feel?like,?finish,?forgive,?give?up,?imagine,?include,?keep,?mention,?mind,?miss,?practice,?put?off,?resist,?risk,?suggest,?can t?help,?can t?stand(无法忍受)等。比如：I?tried?not?to?go?there.?(我设法不去那里。)I?tried?doing?it?again.?(我试着又干了一次。)3、mean?to?do?有意...?mean?doing意味着...I?mean?to?come?early?today.?(我打算今天早些来。)Missing?the?train?means?waiting?for?another?hour.?(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)11
比如：?The?window?needs(requires,?wants)cleaning(to?be?cleaned).在词组devote?to,?look?forward?to,?pay?attention?to,?stick?to,?be?used?to,?object?to,?thank?you?for,?excuse?me?for?等后的动词也必须用动术语方式，比如：I?look?forward?to?hearing?from?you?soon.Badly?polluted,?the?water?cannot?be?drunk.?(原因)Being?written?in?haste,?the?composition?is?full?of?mistakes.?(原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词通常被动式)Having?been?deserted?by?his?guide,?he?couldn t?find?his?way?through?the?jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)Asked?to?stay,?I?couldn t?very?well?refuse.这里?asked?可能意味着?having?been?asked,?也可能意味着when/since?I?was?asked,?但用了?having?been?asked?就不会有歧义。下面句中过去分词则表示的时间与宾语动词所则表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于宾语动词的现在分词完成被动式。比如：?Covered?with?confusion,?I?left?the?room.我很窘地离开了房间。?United,?we?stand;?divided,?we?fall.?团结则存，分裂则亡。?He?used?to?live?in?London,?use(d)n t?he?/didn t?he?There?used?to?be?a?cinema?here?before?the?war,?use(d)n t?there?/didn t?there?Such?things?ought?not?to?be?allowed,?ought?theyHe?ought?to?be?punished,?oughtn t?he?但在正式文体中,用ought?we?not方式。比如:We?ought?to?go,?ought?we?not?或We?ought?to?go?,should?we?not?12
1、若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren t(isn t)十宾语,比如：You?must?be?tired,aren t?you?2、若陈述部分的must则表示有必要时,附加疑问句部分则用needn t。比如：You?must?go?home?right?now,?needn t?you?3、当mustn t?则表示禁止时,附加疑问部分通常用must。如：?You?mustn t?walk?on?grass,?must?you?4、前句宾语动词是must?have＋过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(通常有过去时间中心语),疑问部分的宾语动词用didn t＋宾语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的宾语动词用haven t(hasn t)＋宾语,?比如：?He?must?have?met?her?yesterday,?didn t?he?5、陈述句宾语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。比如:He?is?unfit?for?his?office,?isn t?he?6、假如陈述部分包含有no,?never,?hardly,?seldom,?few,?little,?nowhere,?nothing等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定方式。比如：He?is?hardly?14?years?old,?is?he?7、假如陈述部分的宾语为everyone,?someone,?no?one等不定动词,其疑问部分的宾语可用he,也可用they。?比如：Everyone?knows?his?job,?doesn t?he?Let s?go?there,?shall?weLet?us?go?there,?will?you?13
引导同位语主语的术语主要有fact,?news,?promise,?idea,?truth等。连接词用that?(不用which)及连接形容词how,?when,?where,?why等。比如：His?delay?is?due?to?the?fact?that?the?car?went?wrong?halfway.She?asked?the?reason?why?there?was?a?delay.14
1、在未来式主语和同位语主语中。比如：The?question?is?whether?the?film?is?worth?seeing.The?news?whether?our?team?has?won?the?match?is?unknown.2、在宾语主语中,只有用it作方式宾语时,whether和if都能引导宾语主语,否则,也根本无法用whether。比如：Whether?we?shall?attend?the?meeting?hasn t?been?decided?yet.?It?hasn t?been?decided?whether(if)we?shall?attend?the?meeting.3、在助动词之后。(助动词往往可以省略)比如：It?all?depends?(on)?whether?they?will?support?us.4、后面直接跟动词分词时。比如：He?doesn t?know?whether?to?stay?or?not.5、后面紧接or?not?时。比如：We?didn t?know?whether?or?not?she?was?ready.6、引导让步中心语主语,根本无法用whether。比如：Whether?you?like?it?or?not,?you?must?do?it?well.7、用if会引起歧义时。比如：Please?let?me?know?if?you?like?it.?该句有两个意思：请告诉我你是否喜欢。或假如你喜欢,请告诉我。用了whether就可以避免。15
1、由亚姆词是不定动词：all,?few,?little,?much,?something,?nothing,?anything等。比如：All?that?we?have?to?do?is?to?practice?every?day.2、由亚姆词被复数或属格Sitapur所润色。比如：The?first?lesson?that?I?learned?will?never?be?forgotten.3、由亚姆词被all,?any,?every,?each,?few,?little,?no,?some,?等润色。比如：I?have?read?all?the?book?(that)?you?gave?me.4、由亚姆词被?the?only,?the?very,?the?same,?the?last?润色时。?比如：He?is?the?only?person?that?I?want?to?talk?to.5、由亚姆词既有人又有物时。比如：They?talked?of?things?and?persons?that?they?remembered?in?the?school.16
1、假如是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。比如：This?is?the?house?where?he?lived?last?year.2、用no?sooner…than和hardly…when引导的主语则表示刚……就……。17
1、主句中的动词通常用过去完成时,主语用过去时;而且主句通常倒装,把助动词had提到后面。比如：Hardly?had?I?entered?the?room?when?I?heard?a?loud?noise.2、动词作宾语时,主宾语序不变。比如：Here?it?is.?Here?he?comes.3、当句首中心语为则表示地点的助动词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。比如：South?of?the?city?lies?a?big?steel?factory.?From?the?valley?came?a?frightening?sound.4、未来式置于句首时,倒装结构为未来式+连系动词+宾语。比如：Present?at?the?meeting?were?Professor?White,?Professor?Smith?and?many?other?guests.5、部分倒装A)用作省略if的虚拟条件中心语主语。比如：Had?you?reviewed?your?lessons,?you?might?have?passed?the?examination.B)用作属格(或术语、动词)+as(though)引导的让步中心语主语中。比如：Pretty?as?she?is?,she?is?not?clever. Try?as?he?would,?he?might?fail?again.C)假如主语的未来式是术语,其术语前不加任何定冠词。比如：Child?as?he?was,?he?had?to?make?a?living.D)用作no?sooner…than…,hardly…when和not?until的字词中。比如：Not?until?the?teacher?came?did?he?finish?his?homework.E)用作never,?hardly,?seldom,?scarcely,?barely,?little,?often,?at?no?time,?not?only,?not?once等词开头的句子。?比如：Never?shall?I?do?this?again.Little?did?he?know?who?the?woman?was.F)用作以only开头的句子(only润色形容词,助动词词组或中心语主语时)。比如：Only?this?afternoon?did?I?finish?the?novel.Only?when?he?told?me?did?I?realize?what?trouble?he?was?in.G)假如only后面的词组不是中心语,则不用倒装。?比如：Only?Wang?Ling?knows?this.H)用作这类则表示祝愿的句子。比如：May?you?succeed!?祝你成功!18
stomach－stomachs，a?German－three?Germans,an?American－two?Americans，man?cook?-?men?cooks;papers?报纸,?文件manners礼貌drinks饮料in?a?word?简言之in?other?words?换句话说have?words?with?与某人吵嘴have?a?few?words?(a?word)?with?sb.与某人说几句话这类集体术语,?如people,?police,?cattle等,?只当众数看待,?宾语动词必须用众数。比如：The?police?are?searching?for?him.
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